Phenylketonuria (PKU) Is an Autosomal Recessive Condition That Can Lead

question 31

Multiple Choice

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive condition that can lead to mental retardation. It is caused by an enzyme deficiency that interferes with phenylalanine metabolism, causing a by-product to accumulate to levels that are toxic to brain development. Intellectual disability due to PKU can be prevented by a special diet that strictly restricts intake of phenylalanine but the diet must be started soon after birth to be effective. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate and cost-efficient way of identifying individuals who need the special diet?

• A) heterozygote screening
• B) newborn screening
• C) presymptomatic testing
• D) prenatal diagnosis
• E) amniocentesis

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Definitions:

Demonological Model

An ancient belief system attributing psychological disorders and diseases to demonic possession or supernatural forces.

Biological Vulnerabilities

Inherent physiological or genetic traits in an individual that increase their risk for developing psychological or physical disorders.

Psychological Disorders

A wide range of mental health conditions characterized by significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, or behaviors associated with distress or impaired functioning.

Acute Stress Disorder

A mental condition that develops within a month after exposure to a traumatic event, characterized by severe anxiety and dissociation.