Use the Following to Answer Questions
You Are Studying Epigenetic

question 51

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
You are studying epigenetic regulation of the Bdnf gene in mice and its association with memory. You train mouse B to avoid an adverse stimulus and then isolate genomic DNA from its brain. Mouse A is untrained and used as a control. You take the brain DNA samples and split each of them into two parts. One part is treated with sodium bisulfite and the other part is left untreated. You then perform PCR for the Bdnf locus and digest the PCR product with the restriction enzyme AccII that cuts DNA at the sequence CGCG. The digested DNA is then separated by agarose gel electrophoresis to obtain the following DNA fragments:
$$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} { c c } \text { Mouse A (Bisulfite DNA) } & \text { Mouse A (Untreated DNA) } \\\hline 21.2 \mathrm {~kb} & 19.3 \mathrm {~kb} \\7.4 \mathrm {~kb} & 7.4 \mathrm {~kb} \\5.8 \mathrm {~kb} & 5.1 \mathrm {~kb} \\5.7 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.9 \mathrm {~kb} \\4.9 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.5 \mathrm {~kb} \\3.5 \mathrm {~kb} & 2.7 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 2.2 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 1.9 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 1.8 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 0.7 \mathrm {~kb}\end{array}\\\\\begin{array} { c c } \text { Mouse B (Bisulfite DNA) } & \text { Mouse B (Untreated DNA) } \\\hline 19.3 \mathrm {~kb} & 19.3 \mathrm {~kb} \\7.4 \mathrm {~kb} & 7.4 \mathrm {~kb} \\5.7 \mathrm {~kb} & 5.1 \mathrm {~kb} \\5.1 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.9 \mathrm {~kb} \\4.9 \mathrm {~kb} & 3.5 \mathrm {~kb} \\3.5 \mathrm {~kb} & 2.7 \mathrm {~kb} \\1.9 \mathrm {~kb} & 2.2 \mathrm {~kb} \\0.7 \mathrm {~kb} & 1.9 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 1.8 \mathrm {~kb} \\& 0.7 \mathrm {~kb}\end{array}\end{array}$$
-What can you conclude about the epigenetic effect of learning on the Bdnf locus in mice?

• A) DNA methylation decreases, causing a decrease in Bdnf expression.
• B) DNA methylation increases, causing a decrease in Bdnf expression.
• C) DNA methylation decreases, causing an increase in Bdnf expression.
• D) DNA methylation increases, causing an increase in Bdnf expression.
• E) DNA methylation does not alter Bdnf expression.

Describe the habitat preferences and ecological niches of echinoderms.

Explain the significance of radial and bilateral symmetry in the development and adult stages of echinoderms.

Analyze the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of chordates, including tunicates, lancelets, and vertebrates.

Recognize the role of specific organ systems, such as the water vascular system, in the biology of echinoderms.

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