Use the following information to answer the question. Math self- efficacy can be defined as one's belief in his or her own ability to perform mathematical tasks. A college math professor wishes to find out if her female students' math self- efficacy matches reality. To do this she gives a math quiz to the female students then asks them to rate their level of confidence in how well they did on the quiz. She plans to test whether those who had little confidence that they did well on the quiz actually performed worse than those who had a high level of confidence that they did well on the quiz. Shown below is the approximate sampling distribution of the difference in mean quiz scores. The table below shows the summary statistics for the two groups. Assume that all conditions for a randomization test have been satisfied.
-State the null and alternative hypothesis and also the value of the test statistic for the professor's randomization test.
Definitions:
Construct Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it claims, or is supposed to measure, within theoretical frameworks.
Reverse Causality
A situation where the supposed effect influences the cause, challenging the traditional direction of causation.
Confound
A variable that mistakenly appears to cause the observed effect but in reality is associated with both the supposed cause and effect, thus misleading the interpretation.
Temporal Order
The sequence in which events occur in time.
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