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What Is One Source of Tension Within Modern Black Church

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What is one source of tension within modern black church congregations?

Understand Alfred Binet’s contributions to intelligence testing and their legacy.
Define and differentiate between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
Evaluate the implications of disparities in test performance among different demographic groups.
Analyze the characteristics, assessment methods, and educational strategies for gifted and talented children.

Definitions:

Respondent Conditioning

A learning process that involves creating an association between a naturally occurring stimulus and a previously neutral stimulus.

Shaping

A method of behavior training in which positive reinforcement is used to gradually guide an individual toward a desired behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where the introduction of a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.

Secondary Reinforcement

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or money.

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