Genetic Methods of Detecting Microorganisms Reveal That the Number of Bacterial

question 31

Essay

Genetic methods of detecting microorganisms reveal that the number of bacterial species in nature exceeds previous estimates by several orders of magnitude. In the human mouth, for example, it is estimated that 500- 700 microbial species are normally present. Explain why previous estimates were low.

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Definitions:

Hypothalamic Nucleus

A specific group of neurons within the hypothalamus involved in regulating physiological processes such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus

Regions within the dorsal part of the thalamus in the brain, involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been repeatedly presented along with an unconditioned stimulus.

UCS

An abbreviation for "Unconditioned Stimulus," which in classical conditioning is a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning.