In Genetic Studies, a "Proband" or "Index Case" Is Someone

question 120

Multiple Choice

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who

• A) shows signs of the disorder of interest.
• B) is related to someone with the disorder of interest.
• C) has the disorder of interest.
• D) shares at least 25% of their genes with an affected subject.

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Definitions:

Punishment

A method used to reduce the occurrence of an undesirable behavior by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a positive stimulus.

Long Run

A period of time sufficient for all variables within an economic model or business scenario to be adjusted, not confined by fixed constraints.

Effective

Being successful in producing a desired or intended result.

Positive Reinforcer

A stimulus which, when presented after a specific behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future, often seen as beneficial or rewarding.