Based on Information Given in the Text, Which of the Following

question 18

Multiple Choice

Based on information given in the text, which of the following most likely represents a situation where charismatic leadership is not needed?

• A) A business is operating during a time of war.
• B) A business is in the throes of a hostile takeover.
• C) A business is in its infancy.
• D) A business is facing the introduction of a radically new product.
• E) A business is succeeding due to several years of strong market leadership.

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Definitions:

Interval Schedule

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after a specified or varying amount of time has passed.

Ratio Schedule

In operant conditioning, a rule determining the timing and frequency of reinforcements, based on the number of responses made by the subject.

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that have no inherent value but have been paired with primary reinforcers or are learned to be valuable, often used in behavior modification protocols.

Primary Reinforce

is a naturally reinforcing stimulus, such as food or water, that fulfills a basic biological need and does not require learning to become effective.