Tony Is About to Participate in His First 10K Run

question 28

Multiple Choice

Tony is about to participate in his first 10K run. One of his friends told him to make sure to "carbo load" and to take a niacin supplement before the race. Tony had heard the term "carbo loading" before but was not sure why it was necessary and had n why he would need a niacin supplement. He had been training for months and was confident that he would finish the race ea therefore, did not heed his friend's advice.
On the day of the race, Tony was so excited it felt like he was flying through the first half of the race. Tony wanted to beat his current best time and was nearing the end of the race when he decided to pick up his pace to the finish line. Unfortunately, Tony became fatigued and had to walk to the finish line out of breath and with his muscles burning.
-Refer to Scenario 3.1. Why did Tony's muscles become fatigued and burn toward the end of the race?

• A) Tony had used up all of his energy and carbohydrates in his system. Therefore, he was utilizing proteins for energy; since muscle is made out of protein, this made his muscles burn.
• B) Tony had an oxygen debt, meaning he no longer had oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain to complete the stages of glucose oxidation. Therefore, pyruvate was being converted to lactic acid which caused the burning sensation in his muscles.
• C) Tony had an oxygen debt, meaning he no longer had oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. Therefore, he could only go through beta oxidation, which burned up his fat cells and caused the burning sensation.
• D) Tony was able to go through gluconeogenesis only, which caused tissue damage throughout his body
• E) Tony was burning up so much energy he was producing excess heat, which caused his muscles to start burning.

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Definitions:

Willingness-to-Pay

The maximum amount a consumer is prepared to spend on a good or service.

Natural Monopoly

A market condition where due to high fixed costs or unique resources, a single company can supply a product or service at a lower cost than any potential competitors.

Average Cost

The cost per unit of output, computed by dividing the total cost of production by the number of units produced, often used to assess the efficiency and profitability of production processes.

Antitrust Laws

Legislation enacted to prevent new monopolies from forming and to break up those that already exist in order to ensure fair competition in the market.