Some Athletes, in Order to Gain an Advantage Over Their

question 59

Multiple Choice

Some athletes, in order to gain an advantage over their competitors, participate in blood doping. This process increases the number of red blood cells in their cardiovascular systems and in turn delivers more oxygen to their metabolically active tissues. Which statement best describes how athletes' blood dope and the dangers associated with blood doping?

• A) Athletes receive blood transfusions to increase the number of red blood cells and by doing so increase their chances of developing aids or hepatitis C.
• B) Erythropoietin is injected stimulating more red blood cell production. An increase in red blood cells increases the hematocrit which can increase blood pressure and weaken vessels making the chances of stroke increase.
• C) Hemoglobin is injected, increasing the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. However, too much hemoglobin can cause hemolysis.
• D) Colony -stimulating factors are injected to increase the number of red blood cells. Too many, however, can clog arteries, causing a heart attack.
• E) Leukocytes are injected because they are larger than red blood cells. However, they make the body more susceptible to infection.

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Definitions:

Mortgage-Backed Securities

These are bonds secured by home and other real estate loans. They are created by pooling mortgages and then selling interests in that pool to investors.

FNMA

The Federal National Mortgage Association, known as Fannie Mae, a government-sponsored enterprise that provides liquidity to the mortgage market.

FHLMC

The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, commonly known as Freddie Mac, is a public government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) that specializes in secondary mortgage markets by purchasing mortgages and securitizing them.

Financial Asset(s)

Financial assets refer to any assets that are cash, an ownership interest in an entity, or a contractual right to receive or deliver cash or another financial instrument.