While Electrical Events in the Ventricular Contractile Cell Initiate Contraction

question 89

Essay

While electrical events in the ventricular contractile cell initiate contraction, intracellular second messengers modify ventricular contractility. Describe the second -messenger pathway that underlies the increase in ventricular contractility.

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Definitions:

Forward Contract

A bespoke arrangement between two parties for acquiring or disposing of an asset at a designated price on an upcoming date.

Hedge

An investment made to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset.

Speculative Forward Contract

A financial derivative used to speculate on the future price of an asset, involving an agreement to buy or sell the asset at a future date for a price determined today.

Fair Value Hedge

A risk management technique that uses financial instruments to mitigate the risk associated with changes in the fair value of an asset or liability.