Why Must Insulin Be Injected into Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

question 35

Multiple Choice

Why must insulin be injected into patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 as opposed to oral administration?

• A)Insulin is such a small molecule that it easily passes through the highly vascularized tissue of the oral mucosa and enters the blood stream too quickly, causing a hypoglycemic crash.
• B)Since the absorbed contents of the GI tract first passes through the liver before moving on into the general circulation, it creates a first- pass effect which weakens its effectiveness.
• C)Insulin is a hormone, so it must be injected directly into the bloodstream to be effective.
• D)Insulin is a peptide that would be degraded in the gastrointestinal tract and would therefore only be absorbed as individual amino acids.

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Definitions:

Blood Pressure

indicates the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health.

Anterior Hypothalamus

A region in the brain that plays a critical role in regulating temperature, reproductive behavior, and sleep.

Sexual Behavior

Actions that individuals engage in that are related to their sexuality or sexual activities.

Medial Preoptic Area

A region of the hypothalamus involved in regulating behaviors such as mating, thermoregulation, and hormone secretion.