While Muscle Cells Respond in an All -Or -Nothing Manner

question 141

Essay

While muscle cells respond in an all -or -nothing manner to a single action potential, the extent of force that they generate can be modified by a number of factors. Describe the mechanisms whereby individual skeletal muscle cells can modify force development.

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Definitions:

Fresh Water

Water that has low concentrations of dissolved salts (salinity) and other total dissolved solids, commonly found in rivers, lakes, streams, and underground aquifers.

Inverted Ecological Pyramids

describe situations in ecosystems where higher trophic levels have greater biomass or numbers than lower levels, contrary to the typical pyramid shape.

Aquatic Ecosystems

Environments in water where organisms interact with each other and with their surrounding physical environment, including oceans, lakes, and rivers.

Nitrification

A microbial process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrites and then nitrates, a crucial part of the nitrogen cycle in soils.