The Ribosomes in Eukaryotic Cells Are Larger Than the Ribosomes

question 35

Multiple Choice

The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are larger than the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells. Furthermore, eukaryotic ribosomes are not affected by some chemicals that affect prokaryotic ribosomes, a fact that can be put to good use by microbiologists seeking new antimicrobial drugs. An example of this is the antibiotic erythromycin, which prevents protein synthesis by prokaryotic ribosomes but does not affect eukaryotic ribosomes at all. Thus, erythromycin kills bacteria but does not affect humans or other animals. Using this information, which of the following would be expected and would support the endosymbiont hypothesis?

• A) Mitochondrial ribosomes will be smaller than prokaryotic ribosomes.
• B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts will not have ribosomes.
• C) Mitochondrial ribosomes will be larger than prokaryotic ribosomes.
• D) The ribosomes in chloroplasts will be sensitive to erythromycin.

Differentiate among various theories of intelligence (e.g., Spearman's g-factor, Thurstone's primary mental abilities, Gardner's multiple intelligences, Sternberg's triarchic theory).

Identify the components and significance of IQ tests, including how IQ scores are calculated and interpreted.

Appreciate the implications of high or low IQ scores on academic and professional outcomes.

Understand the categorization of intellectual disabilities and their impact on individuals' daily lives and learning capabilities.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

An educational technique involving the repeated pairing of two stimuli, where the reaction initially caused by the second stimulus is ultimately prompted by only the first stimulus.

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Salivation

Salivation is the secretion and discharge of saliva from the salivary glands in the mouth, often in response to the sight, smell, or taste of food.

Unconditioned Response

An automatic, natural reaction to a stimulus that occurs without the need for learning or conditioning.