A Newly Hatched Duck Adopts the Most Frequently Encountered Animal

question 38

Multiple Choice

A newly hatched duck adopts the most frequently encountered animal or object it sees during a sensitive period as its mother. This is an example of

• A) operant conditioning.
• B) insight learning.
• C) habituation.
• D) trial-and-error learning.
• E) imprinting.

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Definitions:

Pythagoras

An ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician known for formulating the Pythagorean theorem in geometry.

Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza, a philosopher of Portugese-Jewish origin, who proposed that God and Nature were two names for the same reality, leading to his excommunication from the Jewish community.

Substance

The essential reality of a thing or things that underlies the various properties and changes of properties. Its most common definitions: “that which is independent and can exist by itself”; “the essence of a thing which does not and cannot change.” In traditional metaphysics, substance is the same as “ultimate reality,” and the study of substance is that branch of metaphysics that studies reality—namely, ontology.

Independent

Describes a state or condition of being free from outside control or not depending on something else.