The Components of the Second Line of Defense Against Microbes

question 69

Multiple Choice

The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as

• A) passive barriers.
• B) responders to invasion.
• C) detecting the unique features of specific pathogens.
• D) mechanisms to strengthen the first line of defense.
• E) both passive barriers and detecting specific pathogen features.

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Definitions:

Population

refers to all the members of a particular species living in a specific geographic area, capable of interbreeding.

Blood Type O

The blood group characterized by the absence of A and B antigens on red cells and the presence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

Type AB Mother

Refers to a mother with AB blood type, indicating the presence of both A and B antigens on the surface of her red blood cells.

Testcross

A genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an organism of unknown genotype, to determine the unknown organism’s genotype based on the offspring’s phenotypes.