The Development of a Cancerous Cell Is Said to Require

question 41

Multiple Choice

The development of a cancerous cell is said to require ʺmultiple hits.ʺ This means

• A) multiple cell cycle regulators are inactivated at once.
• B) multiple oncogenic viruses infect the cell at the same time.
• C) a series of separate events over time lead to the loss of cell cycle regulation.
• D) the cell must be infected with several different types of viruses to be transformed.
• E) several protoncogenes are activated at the same time.

---

Definitions:

Specific Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of or aversion to a particular object or situation that provokes immediate anxiety and avoidance behavior.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Conditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that was once neutral but, through association with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.