The Scientific Concept of Causality Is Complex

question 21

Multiple Choice

The scientific concept of causality is complex. "Causality" means something very different to the average person on the street than to a scientist. If the ordinary meaning of a statement is "X is the only cause of Y," its related scientific meaning is: .

• A) we can never prove that X is a cause of Y. At best, we can infer that X is a cause of Y
• B) the occurrence of X makes the occurrence of Y
• C) X is only one of a number of possible causes of Y
• D) None of the above is correct.

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Definitions:

Justified

Having, done for, or marked by a good or legitimate reason.

People's Minds

Refers to the collective cognitive and emotional aspects of human consciousness, including thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions.

Right-Wing Authoritarianism

A personality and ideological framework characterized by submission to authority, aggression toward outgroups, and a strong adherence to societal conventions and norms.

Need For Structured Knowledge

The desire or requirement for organized and coherent information to understand concepts or make decisions.