The Scientific Concept of Causality Is Complex

question 21

Multiple Choice

The scientific concept of causality is complex. "Causality" means something very different to the average person on the street than to a scientist. If the ordinary meaning of a statement is "X is the only cause of Y," its related scientific meaning is: .

• A) we can never prove that X is a cause of Y. At best, we can infer that X is a cause of Y
• B) the occurrence of X makes the occurrence of Y
• C) X is only one of a number of possible causes of Y
• D) None of the above is correct.

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Definitions:

Consistent Results

Outcomes that are uniform or stable across different trials or over time, indicating reliability or predictability in processes or experiments.

Performance Traits

Characteristics or behaviours of an employee that contribute to their overall performance and effectiveness in a job.

Job Performance

The level of effectiveness and efficiency with which an employee carries out their job duties and responsibilities.

Measures

Quantitative or qualitative criteria used to evaluate the performance, progress, or quality of a project, process, or outcome.