Examlex
In 2018 the IRS audits a company's 2016 tax return and determines that the president's salary was excessive and disallowed $100,000 of the salary deduction. Under the terms of the hedge (payback) agreement in the corporate bylaws, the president repays $100,000 of her salary to her employer in 2018. The president will amend her 2016 tax return to get a refund of the taxes paid on the excess salary.
Personal Income
The total earnings received by an individual from all sources, including wages, salaries, bonuses, and investments.
Constant Variance
The condition in which the variance, or spread, of a dataset or error terms in a regression model does not change across the range of the data or predicted values.
Residuals
The differences between observed values and the values predicted by a model, indicating the discrepancy between actual and predicted outcomes.
Independent Variable
A variable in a study or experiment that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on a dependent variable.
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