When Na⁺ Is Actively Transported from Tubular Cells to the Interstitial

question 69

Multiple Choice

When Na⁺ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

• A) no energy is needed.
• B) glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time.
• C) Na⁺ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell.
• D) water is countertransported by carrier molecules.
• E) water is secreted.

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Definitions:

Neural Circuits

Networks of neurons that work together to execute specific functions or processes in the brain.

Hypothalamus

A region of the brain that regulates many bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, temperature control, and the release of various hormones.

Goal-Directed Behaviour

Actions taken with the intention of achieving a specific outcome or objective, often involving planning and forethought.

Motivation

The process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors, driving individuals towards or away from certain actions or goals.