Which of the Following Changes Have the Potential to Dramatically

question 221

Multiple Choice

Which of the following changes have the potential to dramatically affect the potential difference across the plasma membrane?

• A) Increased permeability of the membrane to Na⁺
• B) Increased intracellular concentration of K⁺
• C) Any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works
• D) Increased permeability of the membrane to Na⁺ and increased intracellular concentration of K⁺
• E) Increased permeability of the membrane to Na⁺, increased intracellular concentration of K⁺, and any change in the rate at which the sodium-potassium pump works

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Definitions:

Sign Stimulus

A specific trigger from the environment that elicits an innate behavior in an animal.

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, can elicit a conditioned response in an organism.

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral concept where the removal of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens a behavior or increases its frequency.

Territoriality

Behavior pattern in which one organism (usually a male) stakes out a territory of its own and defends it against intrusion by other members of the same species and sex.