Molecular Biologists Rely on Many, Often Sophisticated, Techniques to Pursue

question 22

Essay

Molecular biologists rely on many, often sophisticated, techniques to pursue their
discipline. Ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, X -ray diffraction, electrophoresis, and computer interfacing are fundamental tools. Model organisms provide the raw materials for study. List three organisms (or organismic groups) often used by
recombinant DNA technologists and describe a major advantage of each group.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning mechanism where the consistent association of two stimuli leads to a response, initially evoked by the second stimulus, being evoked by the first stimulus alone over time.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Discrimination

Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Latent Learning

The process of learning that occurs without any immediate or apparent reinforcement, which becomes apparent only when there is a reason to demonstrate it.