Which of the Following Is Not a Necessary Condition for Income

question 16

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for income to be included in gross income?

• A)income must be realized
• B)income must be paid in cash
• C)income cannot be excluded by law
• D)income must be made available to a taxpayer on the cash basis
• E)all of these choices are correct.

Describe the phenomenon of learned helplessness and its effects on behavior.

Understand the implications of classical and operant conditioning principles in real-world settings, such as education, therapy, and work environments.

Understand how secondary reinforcers derive their power from association with primary reinforcers.

Recognize examples of conditioned taste aversion and biological preparedness.

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Definitions:

External Benefits

Positive effects of a product or service that are enjoyed by people other than those who directly use or consume the product or service.

Private Benefits

The direct advantages or gains accruing to an individual or organization from their economic actions, excluding wider societal impacts.

Producer Surplus

The difference between the amount that producers are willing to accept for a good or service and the actual amount they receive in the market.

Externality

A cost or benefit from production or consumption that accrues to someone other than the immediate buyers and sellers of the product being produced or consumed (see negative externality and positive externality).