Name and Define the Compositional Technique Invented by Schoenberg That

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The Answer is The compositional technique invented by Arnold Schoenberg that served to organize pitches in atonal music is known as the twelve-tone technique, or dodecaphony. This method was developed around 1921 as a way to structure music without relying on traditional tonality, which is the hierarchy of pitches around a central tone known as the tonic.

The twelve-tone technique involves the use of a series or row of all twelve notes of the chromatic scale, with each note being used only once before all other notes have been included. This row can be manipulated in various ways but must maintain its original order of pitches. The basic operations that can be applied to the row are:

1. Transposition: Moving the entire sequence of notes up or down in pitch, while maintaining the intervals between them.
2. Retrograde: Reversing the order of the notes in the row.
3. Inversion: Flipping the row around a central axis so that each interval is mirrored.
4. Retrograde Inversion: Applying both retrograde and inversion operations to the row.

The twelve-tone row serves as the basis for the melodic, harmonic, and structural aspects of a composition, ensuring that no single note dominates the musical texture, thus avoiding the establishment of a key or tonal center. This technique was a significant development in the evolution of Western art music and had a profound influence on many composers in the 20th century, leading to further explorations in serialism and other avant-garde musical practices.

Name and Define the Compositional Technique Invented by Schoenberg That

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