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The external costs of alcohol consumption are related to, among other things, death and injury related to auto accidents caused by drunk drivers.These costs have been estimated to be about 47 cents per ounce of alcohol consumed.Taxes on alcohol amount to 23 cents per ounce.This suggests that alcohol consumption is (i) greater than the efficient or optimal amount; (ii) should be reduced to zero to eliminate the externality.
Organic
Relating to or derived from living matter; in business or organization contexts, it often describes processes or structures that are flexible and naturally developing.
Mechanistic
Referring to a view or system that regards processes or organizations as being similar to a machine, with each part having a specific role that contributes to the overall operation.
Span of Control
Refers to the number of subordinates that a manager or leader can effectively oversee or control within an organization.
Self-Directed Work Teams
Groups of employees who are given autonomy and responsibility to manage themselves and their work, including planning, execution, and monitoring, often leading to increased engagement and productivity.
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