Although Jan Appears to Be Underweight,she Is Afraid of Becoming

question 111

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Although Jan appears to be underweight,she is afraid of becoming fat and consistently restricts her food intake.Although Gene appears to be overweight,he enjoys eating and always eats as much as he wants.Explain how their different reactions to food might result from (a)differences in their inner bodily states and (b)differences in their reactions to external incentives.

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Definitions:

Primary Reinforcer

A stimulus that is inherently rewarding and fulfills a basic biological need or desire.

Secondary Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, money, or tokens, which are not naturally rewarding.

Observational Learning

The process of learning by watching the actions of others and the consequences of those actions, also known as social learning.

Higher-order Conditioning

Higher-order conditioning is a process in behavioral psychology where a stimulus that was previously neutral becomes conditioned by being paired with an already conditioned stimulus.