Growth Rates of Output During the Terms of Office of Australian

question 20

Multiple Choice

Growth rates of output during the terms of office of Australian governments, 1901 - 2010 indicate that:

• A) there is a small difference in average growth rates between the first year and the last year of the governments.
• B) a poor economy is an important reason for governments losing office.
• C) there is no evidence for successful manipulation of the economy.
• D) All of the above.
• E) None of the above.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behavior modification that involves increasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing or avoiding an aversive stimulus as a consequence of the behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

A process in which the introduction of a stimulus following a particular behavior increases the likelihood of the behavior's occurrence.

Positive Punishment

A form of behavior modification where something unfavorable is added after a behavior, with the intention of decreasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behaviors of others and imitating those behaviors without direct instruction or reinforcement.