Gracie Is a 16-Year-Old Girl Who Is Experiencing Problems Falling

question 9

Multiple Choice

Gracie is a 16-year-old girl who is experiencing problems falling sleep at night. She thinks to herself, "My boyfriend was supposed to call me tonight, but he didn't. Maybe something is wrong? Maybe I said something to make hum angry?" Gracie's thinking illustrate the cognitive error called ___.

• A) Catastrophizing.
• B) Selective abstraction.
• C) Dichotomous thinking.
• D) Personalization.

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Definitions:

Expectancy Theory

A theory suggesting that the motivation of an individual is affected by the belief in the effectiveness of their effort, the value of the rewards associated with success, and the likelihood that their effort will lead to desired outcomes.

Equity Theory

is a theory of motivation that suggests individuals assess their job satisfaction based on the fairness of the rewards they receive relative to others.

Goal-setting Theory

A framework that suggests specific, challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance.

Comparable Worth

The concept that jobs of equal value to an organization should receive equal pay, regardless of the gender or minority status of the job holders.