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Ricky and Lucy are debating several types of taxes. Their debate has focused on the different types of tax rate structures and whether they are "fair." Please define each tax rate structure, provide examples of each structure, and discuss how each structure may be viewed with respect to vertical equity.
Amortization
The process of gradually writing off the initial cost of an intangible asset over a period, reflecting the asset's consumption, expiry, or decline in value over time.
Noncontrolling Interest
A minority stake in a company that is reflected in the consolidated financial statements, representing the portion of subsidiaries not owned by the parent company.
Goodwill
An intangible asset that arises when a company acquires another company for a price higher than the fair value of its net assets, reflecting the value of its brand, customer base, and other non-tangible assets.
Acquisition
The process by which one company takes control over another company either by purchasing its shares, assets, or both.
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