Examlex
In the kidneys,the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier)and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger).This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
Geometric Average Return
The average rate of return per period on an investment, calculated geometrically to account for compounding effects.
Arithmetic Average Return
The sum of all returns in a series divided by the number of returns, used to calculate the average performance of an investment over time.
Complete Portfolio
A combination of a risk-free asset and one or more risky assets, structured to meet the investor's risk-return objectives.
Risk-Free Asset
An asset which is assumed to have no risk of financial loss and typically refers to government bonds or bills.
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