John, a 72-Year-Old Grandfather, Had Been Smoking Heavily for 24

question 17

Essay

John, a 72-year-old grandfather, had been smoking heavily for 24 years and had a persistent cough. A biopsy of his lung tissue revealed considerable amounts of carbon particles. How could this happen considering the natural cleaning mechanism of the respiratory system?

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Definitions:

Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21, characterized by distinct physical features and some level of intellectual disability.

Kwashiorkor

A condition occurring in children who suffer severe protein and calorie shortages, which is characterized by stunted growth, a protuberant belly, and extreme apathy. Although therapeutic diets can reverse some effects, cognitive impairments are likely to persist.

Protein

A large biomolecule, or macromolecule, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues, essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs.

Calorie Shortages

Instances where there is a deficit in the number of calories consumed versus those required for maintaining healthy bodily functions.