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Reflect on the Are You Equipped Now at the end of the chapter.If the decrease in pain reported by participants was due to internal changes that occurred within the participant over a three month time period, which of the following was a threat to internal validity?
Self-Actualization Needs
The highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, representing the pursuit of realizing one's potential and seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
Physiological Needs
Basic physical requirements for human survival, such as food, water, and shelter, which are essential for maintaining life.
Motivation
The driving force behind individuals' actions, desires, and needs to achieve goals.
Consistently
Displaying steadiness and uniformity in actions, values, methods, measures, principles, or outcomes.
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