Think About the American Idol Example in the Are You

question 54

Multiple Choice

Think about the American Idol example in the Are You Equipped? section at the beginning of the chapter.By the judges giving their expert opinions on contestants' performances, they are communicating to the audience how we should vote.Thus, __________ is a threat to internal validity.

• A)diffusion of treatments
• B)instrumentation
• C)placebo effect
• D)demand characteristics

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Definitions:

Illusion of Invulnerability

A cognitive bias in which a person or group overestimates their immunity from harm or negative outcomes, often leading to risk-taking behaviors.

Illusion of Unanimity

The perception that everyone agrees within a group when in fact some members may disagree but are reluctant to voice their dissent.

Rational Model

A decision-making model based on logically working through options and choosing the most logical, efficient, and rational outcome.

Rational Model

A decision-making framework that assumes logical, systematic identification of goals, evaluation of alternatives, and selection based on maximizing utility.