A Lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O Ratio in Ice Core Indicates A_________ Climate,whereas

question 27

Multiple Choice

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice core indicates a_________ climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a_________ climate.

• A)cooler; warmer
• B)warmer; hot
• C)warmer; cooler
• D)cooler; cold

---

Definitions:

Expected Frequencies

The anticipated count of occurrences in each category of a statistical distribution under a null hypothesis.

Chi-square Statistic

A measure used in statistics to assess how expectations compare to actual observed data, especially in the context of categorical variables.

Expected Frequencies

The predicted counts in each category of a variable, calculated based on a hypothesis or model.

Cramer's V

A measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a value between 0 and 1 that indicates the strength of association.