Several Studies Have Compared the Ability of Expert Chess Players

question 15

Multiple Choice

Several studies have compared the ability of expert chess players and beginners to memorize the positions of chess pieces arranged in various ways on the board. Which general conclusion do psychologists draw from the results of those studies?

• A) People who become experts must develop greater reasoning abilities, because their memory differs in no way from that of beginners.
• B) People who become experts in any field are likely to be worse than average at skills unrelated to that field.
• C) An important part of expertise is the ability to recognize complex, familiar patterns.
• D) Only people with a superior overall memory are likely to become experts at any skill.

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Definitions:

Surplus Of Labor

An excess supply of labor in the job market, where the number of workers seeking employment exceeds the number of job vacancies.

Surplus Of Workers

A situation in the labor market where the number of individuals looking for employment exceeds the number of available jobs, often leading to higher unemployment rates.

Signaling Theory

A theoretical framework that explains how individuals or entities use certain signals or indicators to show their desirable qualities in various markets, including job and education markets.

Human-Capital Theory

An economic framework that suggests the accumulation of education, training, and health can improve workers' productivity and thus the economic output of a nation.