A Secondary Reinforcer

question 7

Multiple Choice

A secondary reinforcer

• A) has the exact opposite effect of a primary reinforcer.
• B) is the same as a punishment.
• C) has little effect on behavior except under unusual circumstances.
• D) gains its value from association with a primary reinforcer.

Comprehend the mechanisms of germ cell formation and their importance in development.

Distinguish between regulative and mosaic development and their implications for embryonic potential and compensation.

Describe key features and outcomes of unique developmental processes in placental mammals including twin formation, implantation, and ectopic pregnancy.

Understand the foundational concepts of embryonic development in amphibians, including the significance of the gray crescent and the roles of specific cell regions in embryo formation.