Professor Middlebrain Notes That Rats in the First 10 Cages

question 94

Multiple Choice

Professor Middlebrain notes that rats in the first 10 cages, which were injected with salt water, are calm. Rats in the last 10 cages, which were injected with distilled water, are aggressive. He concludes that salt decreases aggressiveness. What is wrong with this study?

• A) lack of random assignment
• B) lack of an independent variable
• C) lack of a dependent variable
• D) presence of demand characteristics

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Definitions:

Authentic Leadership

A leadership style that is genuine and transparent, with leaders being true to themselves and their values while fostering trust.

Ethical Leadership

Leadership that demonstrates, promotes, and integrates ethical principles both personally and organizationally, to guide behaviors and decision-making.

LMX Leadership

Leadership model focusing on the development of Leader-Member Exchange relationships, emphasizing the dyadic connections between leaders and followers.

Empowering Leadership

Leadership style characterized by delegation of authority, encouragement of employee autonomy, and fostering of a supportive environment.