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Use the figures to answer the question.
A.
C.
B.
D.
Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?
Inclusive Fitness
A concept in evolutionary biology describing an organism's genetic success as both its own reproductive output and its influence on the reproductive output of its genetic relatives.
Alarm-Calling
Vocal signals emitted by some animals to warn conspecifics of potential predators, enhancing group survival but potentially increasing risk to the caller.
Hamilton's Rule
A principle of kin selection that predicts when natural selection will favor altruistic acts among related individuals, based on the cost to the altruist, the benefit to the recipient, and the degree of relatedness.
Adaptive
Relating to or characterized by adaptation; capable of adjusting to new conditions for survival advantage.
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