Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 41

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
-bourgeoisie

• A)A meeting of the Quadruple Alliance (Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain) and France held in 1814-1815 to fashion a general peace settlement after the defeat of Napoleonic France.
• B)A political philosophy that stressed retaining traditional values and institutions, including hereditary monarchy and a strong landowning aristocracy.
• C)A philosophy whose principal ideas were equality and liberty; proponents demanded representative government and equality before the law as well as such individual freedoms as freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
• D)A doctrine of economic liberalism advocating unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy.
• E)The idea that each people had its own spirit and its own cultural unity, which manifested itself especially in a common language and history and could serve as the basis for an independent political state.
• F)A radical political doctrine that opposed individualism and that advocated international cooperation and a sense of community; key ideas were economic planning, greater economic equality, and state regulation of property.
• G)The well-educated, prosperous, middle-class groups.
• H)The Marxist term for the working class of modern industrialized society.
• I)The changes that enable a country to compete effectively with the leading countries at a given time.
• J)The result of a great general strike in Russia in 1905, it granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma (parliament) with real legislative power.
• K)The idea that disease is caused by the spread of living organisms that can be controlled.
• L)The idea, developed by Charles Darwin, that all life had gradually evolved from a common origin through a process of natural selection.
• M)The application of the theory of biological evolution to human affairs, it sees the human race as driven to ever-greater specialization and progress by an unending economic struggle that determines the survival of the fittest.
• N)A movement in art, literature, and music characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life
• O)A divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason.
• P)The movement toward Jewish political nationhood started by Theodor Herzl.
• Q)An effort by various socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time.

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Definitions:

Institutional Theory

A theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure, considering the processes by which structures, schemes, rules, norms, and routines become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior.

Stakeholder Orientation

A business approach that considers the interests and concerns of everyone impacted by the company's activities.

Economic Institutions

Entities or organizations in a society that create, manage, and enforce the rules and policies governing economic activities and transactions.

Motivational Carrots

Incentives or rewards offered to encourage desired behaviors or performances from individuals or groups.