Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 2

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions:
-constitutionalism

• A)A religious reform movement that began in the early sixteenth century and split the Western Christian Church.
• B)Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith through schools and missionary activity.
• C)The early modern European view that community needs predominated over competition and profit and that necessary goods should thus be sold at a fair price.
• D)A large-scale conflict extending from 1618 to 1648 that pitted Protestants against Catholics in central Europe, but also involved dynastic interests, notably of Spain and France.
• E)Authority of states that possess a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries and in which private armies present no threat to central control.
• F)A political system common to early modern Europe in which monarchs claimed exclusive power to make and enforce laws, without checks by other institutions; this system was limited in practice by the need to maintain legitimacy and compromise with elites.
• G)The belief propagated by absolutist monarchs in Europe that they derived their power from God and were only answerable to him.
• H)A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state derived from the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.
• I)A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government, on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subject or citizen, on the other; it includes constitutional monarchies and republics.
• J)Members of a sixteenth- and seventeenth-century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings.
• K)A bill passed by Parliament and accepted by William and Mary that limited the powers of British monarchs and affirmed those of Parliament.
• L)A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives.
• M)Mid-seventeenth-century English mercantilist laws that greatly restricted other countries' rights to trade with England and its colonies.
• N)Free groups and outlaw armies living on the borders of Russian territory from the fourteenth century onward. In the mid-sixteenth century they formed an alliance with the Russian state.

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Definitions:

Green Revolution

A period during the 20th century characterized by significant increases in agricultural production worldwide, achieved through the introduction of high-yield crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

Soil Erosion

The removal of the top layer of soil at a faster rate than it is formed, often due to water, wind, or anthropogenic activities, leading to reduced soil fertility.

Moving Water

Refers to the flow of water in rivers, streams, and creeks, which is critical for ecosystems and human use.

Salinization

The process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil, often as a result of irrigation, leading to decreased agricultural productivity.