Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 77

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
-Valladolid debate

• A)In early modern Southeast Asia, a sum of money the groom paid the bride or her family at the time of marriage. This practice contrasted with the dowry in China, India, and Europe, which the husband controlled.
• B)Spanish for "conqueror"; a Spanish soldier-explorer, such as Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro, who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown.
• C)A small, maneuverable, three-masted sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade.
• D)A second-century work translated into Latin around 1410 that synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced latitude and longitude markings.
• E)The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
• F)An alliance between the Mexica people and their conquered allies, with its capital in Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), that rose in size and power in the fifteenth century and possessed a sophisticated society and culture, with advanced mathematics, astronomy, and engineering.
• G)The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak in the fifteenth century but weakened by civil war at the time of the Spanish arrival.
• H)The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata.
• I)A system established by the Portuguese in Brazil in the 1530s, whereby hereditary grants of land were given to nobles and loyal officials who bore the costs of settling and administering their territories.
• J)A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of indigenous peoples as laborers and to demand tribute payments from them in exchange for providing food, shelter, and instruction in the Christian faith.
• K)The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
• L)An event organized by Spanish king Charles V in 1550 that pitted defenders of Spanish conquest and forcible conversion against critics of these practices.
• M)The notion that the Spanish were uniquely brutal and cruel in their conquest and settlement of the Americas, an idea propagated by rival European powers.

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Definitions:

Degrees Of Freedom

The number of independent values in a statistical calculation that are free to vary, often related to the number of observations in a dataset minus the number of constraints.

Sample Size

The number of individuals or instances taken from a larger population for the purpose of statistical analysis.

Independent Variables

Variables in an experiment or model that are manipulated or classified to observe their effect on dependent variables.

Error Sum Of Squares

A measure in statistical analysis that quantifies the discrepancy between the observed and estimated values under the model.