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What were the guiding principles and basic tactics of the rulers of England, France, and Spain in their efforts to centralize their states? To what extent did these rulers rely on new policies and practices? Which of these monarchs was the most successful, and why?
Aversive B State
A theoretical state arising from a negative stimulus, driving an organism to action to avoid discomfort or unpleasant outcomes; not a widely used or recognized term in psychology, so context-specific definition might vary.
A State
A temporary condition or phase that an individual or system experiences, which can influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Positive A State
A condition characterized by the presence or increase of positive emotions or affect.
Addiction
A chronic condition characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences.
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