What Happens to the Free Energy Released as Electrons Are

question 9

Multiple Choice

What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?

• A) It excites electrons of the reaction center in photosystem I.
• B) It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.
• C) It is used to synthesize ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.
• D) It is used to phosphorylate NAD⁺ to NADPH.

Describe patterns and consequences of competition within and between species.

Analyze population dynamics and the factors leading to population changes.

Explain the concept of metapopulations and their significance in ecology.

Assess human population growth trends and their socio-economic implications.

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Definitions:

Articulating Surface

The surface of a bone that makes contact with another bone, allowing for joint movement.

Synovial Membrane

A specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints, secreting synovial fluid for lubrication.

Cruciate Ligament

One of the major ligaments in the knee, crucial for stabilizing the joint, including both the anterior and posterior varieties.

Synovial Joint

A type of joint that is surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule, allowing for smooth movement between bones and is commonly found in the knees, elbows, and shoulders.