In Research on Aging (Both Cellular Aging and Organismal Aging)

question 4

Multiple Choice

In research on aging (both cellular aging and organismal aging) , it has been found that aged cells do not progress through the cell cycle as they had previously. Which of the following, if found in cells or organisms as they age, would provide evidence that this is related to cell signaling?

• A) Growth factor ligands do not bind as efficiently to receptors.
• B) Hormone concentrations decrease.
• C) cAMP levels change very frequently.
• D) Enzymatic activity declines.

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Definitions:

Psychological costs

The mental and emotional toll or burdens that can result from stressful experiences or significant life events.

Economic costs

The total value of all the resources used to produce a good or service, including both direct and indirect expenses.

Caregiving

The act of providing care, assistance, or support to someone in need, often a family member or loved one, due to injury, illness, or disability.

Costs

The expenses or losses associated with an action or decision, which can be financial, emotional, physical, or social.