Which of the Following Statements Correctly Describes Archibald Garrod's Hypothesis

question 68

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly describes Archibald Garrod's hypothesis for how "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur?

• A) Metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies.
• B) Enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase.
• C) Certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors.
• D) Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally produces a response until the neutral stimulus alone produces the same response.

Operant Conditioning

A behavioral modification method in which the level of an action is shaped by giving incentives or imposing deterrents.

Particular Consequence

Specific outcomes or results that follow from a particular action, decision, or event, with implications for those involved.

Reinforcement Theory

A theory that posits behavior is motivated by its consequences, with reinforcement used to either increase desired behaviors or decrease unwanted ones.