The Following Question Is Based on Information from Frank M

question 44

Multiple Choice

The following question is based on information from Frank M. Frey, "Opposing Natural Selection from Herbivores and Pathogens May Maintain Floral-Color Variation in Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae) ," Evolution 58(11) , 2004: 2426-37.
Claytonia virginica is a woodland spring herb with flowers that vary from white, to pale pink, to bright pink. Slugs prefer to eat pink-flowering over white-flowering plants (due to chemical differences between the two) , and plants experiencing severe herbivory are more likely to die. The bees that pollinate this plant also prefer pink to white flowers, so that Claytonia with pink flowers have greater relative fruit set than Claytonia with white flowers. A researcher observes that the percentage of different flower colors remains stable in the study population from year to year. Given no other information, if the researcher removes all slugs from the study population, what do you expect to happen to the distribution of flower colors in the population over time?

• A) The percentage of pink flowers should increase over time.
• B) The percentage of white flowers should increase over time.
• C) The distribution of flower colors should not change.
• D) The distribution of flower colors should randomly fluctuate over time.

---

Definitions:

Reflexive

A property of binary relations where every element is related to itself; often discussed in mathematics and logic.

Transitive

A property in logic and mathematics where if relation A relates to B and B relates to C, then A must relate to C.

Utility Function

A utility function is an economic model that relates the satisfaction or utility a consumer derives from consuming specific quantities of goods and services.

Whisky Consumption

It refers to the amount of whisky that is consumed over a given period of time, indicating the demand for this specific alcoholic beverage.