Use the Following Figure and Description to Answer the Question

question 63

Multiple Choice

Use the following figure and description to answer the question.

Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans are members of a clade called the great apes, which shared a common ancestor about 15 million years ago. Gibbons and siamangs comprise a clade called the lesser apes. Tree-branch lengths indicate elapsed time.
Assuming chimps and gorillas are humans' closest relatives, removing humans from the great ape clade and placing them in a different clade has the effect of making the phylogenetic tree of the great apes ________.

• A) polyphyletic
• B) paraphyletic
• C) monophyletic
• D) into a new order

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Definitions:

Porosity

The measure of empty spaces within rocks or soil, determining their ability to absorb and hold water or other fluids.

Permeability

The measure of how easily fluids can pass through a material's pore spaces or fractures.

Loosely Cemented Gravel

A type of sedimentary deposit composed of gravel particles that are held together by a weak cementing material.

Vesicular Volcanic Rock

Rock that contains small cavities or vesicles, formed by gas bubbles trapped during volcanic solidification.