Use the Following Information to Answer the Question

question 20

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the question.
Healthy individuals of Paramecium bursaria contain photosynthetic algal endosymbionts of the genus Chlorella. When within their hosts, the algae are referred to as zoochlorellae. In aquaria with light coming from only one side, P. bursaria gather at the well-lit side, whereas other species of Paramecium gather at the opposite side. The zoochlorellae provide their hosts with glucose and oxygen, and P. bursaria provides its zoochlorellae with protection and motility. P. bursaria can lose its zoochlorellae in two ways:
(1) if kept in darkness, the algae will die; and (2) if prey items (mostly bacteria) are absent from its habitat, P. bursaria will digest its zoochlorellae.
A P. bursaria cell that has lost its zoochlorellae is aposymbiotic. If aposymbiotic cells have population growth rates the same as those of healthy, zoochlorella-containing P. bursaria in well-lit environments with plenty of prey items, then such an observation would be consistent with which type of relationship?

• A) parasitic
• B) commensalistic
• C) toxic
• D) mutualistic

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Definitions:

Belief in a Just World

The cognitive bias that assumes people get what they deserve, leading to a rationale for misfortune and suffering.

Empathy-Altruism Model

The idea that the reason people help others depends on how much they empathize with them. When empathy is low, people help others when benefits outweigh costs; when empathy is high, people help others even at costs to themselves.

Empathy Gap

The difficulty in understanding or predicting the preferences, behaviors, or feelings of those who are in a different emotional or physical state.

Perspective Taking

The cognitive process of considering another person's viewpoint or understanding the world from their perspective.