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Giardia intestinalis is an intestinal parasite of humans and other mammals that causes intestinal ailments in most people who ingest the cysts. Upon ingestion, each cyst releases two motile cells, called trophozoites. These attach to the small intestine's lining via a ventral adhesive disk. The trophozoites anaerobically metabolize glucose from the host's intestinal contents to produce ATP. Reproduction is completely asexual, occurring by longitudinal binary fission of trophozoites, with each daughter cell receiving two haploid nuclei (n = 5) . A trophozoite will often encyst as it passes into the large intestine by secreting around itself a case that is resistant to cold, heat, and dehydration. Infection usually occurs by drinking untreated water that contains cysts.
Given its mode of reproduction and internal structures, which of the following should be expected to occur in Giardia at some stage of its life cycle?


Definitions:

Funding

The act of providing financial resources to finance a need, program, or project.

Raw Materials

The basic substances or components used in the production or manufacturing of goods.

Contractor

An individual or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job.

Employee

An individual who works part-time or full-time under a contract of employment, providing their services in exchange for compensation.

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