Use the Following Information to Answer the Question

question 37

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the question.
Heterobasidion is a basidiomycete that contributes to mortality of trees. Kuhlman isolated 23 strains of Heterobasidion and applied them to 16 seedlings of 10 different tree species. Partial results of this experiment are shown in the table. (From Kuhlman, E. G. 1970. Seedling inoculations with Fomes annosus show variation in virulence and in host susceptibility. Phytopathology 60:1743-1746. https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1970Articles/Phyto60n12_1743.PDF)
% mortality of five host species from five Heterobasidion isolates

Which of the following conclusions can best be drawn from these results?

• A) All tree species are susceptible to Heterobasidion.
• B) Heterobasidion strains are equally lethal to all tree species.
• C) Heterobasidion strains vary in their effect on tree species.
• D) Some strains of Heterobasidion reduce tree mortality.

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Definitions:

Exchange Theory

Holds that social interaction involves trade in valued resources.

Altruistic Behavior

Actions motivated by the desire to help others without expecting anything in return.

Rational Choice Theory

A framework that assumes individuals act based on the rational evaluation of the costs and benefits of their actions to maximize personal advantage.

Dramaturgical Analysis

Views social interaction as a sort of play in which people present themselves so that they appear in the best possible light.